Bryan McAllister’s personal reference notebook
July 30, 2026Short & citedBlog
Civic Viewpoint.
A quiet encyclopedia with a personal desk
Field Notes • Plants

Magnolia

Magnolia is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Magnoliaceae.

Updated July 30, 20261 min readCited sources

Magnolia is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Magnoliaceae, known for its large, fragrant flowers and cone-like fruit.

What it is

Magnolia includes more than 200 species, with an especially wide distribution in East and Southeast Asia and the Americas. Species can be evergreen or deciduous and grow as trees or shrubs. The flowers are typically large, fragrant, and white, yellow, pink, or purple. The fruit is a cone-like aggregate of follicles.

Key details

The genus is native to the Americas, the Himalayas, and East and Southeast Asia. Source counts vary by classification, with estimates ranging from about 225 species to more than 360 known species. Magnolias are widely used as ornamental plants, and many cultivated hybrids exist for different sizes and flower colours.

Canadian relevance

The cucumber tree (Magnolia acuminata) is the only magnolia species native to Canada, making the genus relevant to Canadian native plant conservation and horticulture.

In short

  • Magnolia is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the magnolia family.
  • Species occur in the Americas, the Himalayas, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.
  • The cucumber tree is the only magnolia species native to Canada.
  • Magnolias are popular ornamentals with large, fragrant flowers.
Canadian angle

The cucumber tree (Magnolia acuminata) is the only magnolia species native to Canada, so Magnolia is relevant to Canadian native plant conservation and horticulture.[6]

Quick questions

What is Magnolia?
Magnolia is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Magnoliaceae.
Are magnolias evergreen or deciduous?
Different magnolia species can be either evergreen or deciduous.
Which magnolia species is native to Canada?
The cucumber tree, Magnolia acuminata, is the only species native to Canada.

Sources

  1. NC State University Plant Toolboxhttps://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/magnolia/
    Supports: Species diversity, native regions, growth habit, flower colour, hybrid cultivation, and genus/family classification.
  2. Clemson Home & Garden Information Centerhttps://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/magnolia/
    Supports: Examples of major magnolia species and a commonly grown hybrid.
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/plant/magnolia-plant
    Supports: Genus description, approximate species count, native range, leaf and flower characteristics, and fruit morphology.
  4. USDA Forest Servicehttps://www.fs.usda.gov/nsl/Wpsm/Magnolia.pdf
    Supports: Genus overview and statement that cucumber magnolia is the only species native to Canada.