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July 30, 2026Short & citedBlog
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Field Notes • Birds

Kingfishers

Kingfishers are a family of small to medium-sized, brightly coloured birds in the order Coraciiformes.

Updated July 30, 20261 min readCited sources

Kingfishers are a family of small to medium-sized, brightly coloured birds in the order Coraciiformes, known for fishing from perches near water. They are found worldwide, especially in tropical regions, and include roughly 90 to 118 species depending on classification.

What it is

Kingfishers belong to the family Alcedinidae. They are carnivorous birds that typically eat fish, but many species also take aquatic insects, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, and other small prey. The smallest species is the African dwarf kingfisher.

Where they live

Most kingfishers occur in tropical Africa, Asia, and Oceania, but the family also ranges into Europe and the Americas. They are commonly found near rivers, lakes, streams, wetlands, and forested waterside habitats. In Canada, the belted kingfisher is a familiar species along streams, lakes, and shorelines.

Key details

Kingfishers are not a single species but a diverse family. Their calls are often described as loud, piercing, rattling, or whistling. Conservation status varies by species; many are common and not endangered, while some face local threats.

In short

  • Kingfishers are a bird family (Alcedinidae), not a single species.
  • They are best known for diving from perches to catch fish and other small prey.
  • Most species live in tropical regions, but the belted kingfisher is common across Canada.
  • Conservation status depends on the species; many are not endangered.
Canadian angle

Kingfishers are familiar to Canadian readers through species such as the belted kingfisher, which is common along streams, lakes, and shorelines across North America.

Quick questions

What do kingfishers eat?
Most kingfishers eat fish, especially small fish, but many species also eat aquatic insects, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, and other small prey.
How many species of kingfishers are there?
Sources vary, but kingfishers are generally reported as having about 90 to 118 species, depending on the classification used.
Are kingfishers endangered?
Not as a group. Conservation status varies by species, and many kingfishers are common or of low conservation concern, though some species are threatened.

Sources

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingfisher
    Supports: Family classification, broad distribution, and approximate species count.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/kingfisher-bird
    Supports: Kingfishers as a bird group, number of species, and loud rattling call.
  3. Bird Facthttps://www.birdfact.com/articles/what-do-kingfishers-eat
    Supports: Typical kingfisher diet including fish and other prey.
  4. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Explorershttps://www.sandiegozoo.org/animals/kingfisher
    Supports: Species count used by one source, smallest species, and family overview.
  5. Canal & River Trusthttps://www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/things-to-do/canal-and-river-wildlife/a-spotters-guide-to-waterway-wildlife/kingfisher-waterway-wildlife
    Supports: Habitat, diet, call description, and note that UK kingfishers are not considered endangered.
  6. Cornell Lab of Ornithologyhttps://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Belted_Kingfisher/lifehistory
    Supports: Belted kingfisher diet, call, and conservation status in North America.
  7. Scottish Wildlife Trusthttps://www.scottishwildlifetrust.org.uk/2024/01/what-is-a-kingfishers-diet-a-kingfisher-pellet-analysis/
    Supports: Common kingfisher diet dominated by fish with occasional other prey.