Bryan McAllister’s personal reference notebook
July 30, 2026Short & citedBlog
Civic Viewpoint.
A quiet encyclopedia with a personal desk
Field Notes • Birds

Loon

Loons are aquatic birds in the genus Gavia, known for their striking plumage, powerful diving ability, and haunting calls.

Updated July 30, 20261 min readCited sources

Loons are aquatic birds in the genus Gavia, known for their striking plumage and haunting calls. They are a familiar symbol of Canadian wilderness, appearing on the one-dollar coin.

What it is

Loons are large waterbirds built for swimming and diving rather than walking on land. They have pointed bills, webbed feet set far back on the body, and black, gray, and white plumage. Their eerie wails, yodels, hoots, and tremolos make them especially recognizable.

Where it lives and what it eats

Loons breed on freshwater lakes and ponds in northern North America, Europe, and Asia, then migrate to coastal waters in winter. They are carnivorous divers that mainly eat fish, but also take crayfish, frogs, leeches, snails, and other aquatic prey.

Why it matters in Canada

The common loon is a widely recognized symbol of Canadian wilderness and appears on the one-dollar coin. Loons are common on northern lakes across Canada, and their conservation status is generally Least Concern, though threats like lead poisoning from fishing tackle persist.

In short

  • Loons are excellent divers that use their feet for propulsion underwater.
  • They breed on northern lakes and migrate to coastal waters for winter.
  • The common loon appears on the Canadian dollar coin.
  • Their calls include wails, yodels, hoots, and tremolos.
Canadian angle

Loons are especially familiar to Canadian readers because they are common on northern lakes across Canada, and the common loon is a widely recognized symbol of Canadian wilderness and appears on the one-dollar coin.

Quick questions

What is a loon?
A loon is a large aquatic bird in the genus Gavia, known for its excellent diving ability and haunting calls.
Where do loons live?
Loons breed on northern freshwater lakes and ponds and usually spend winter on coastal waters; their range includes North America, Europe, and Asia.
Are loons endangered?
Not all loons are endangered. Conservation status varies by species; for example, the common loon is listed as Least Concern.

Sources

  1. Cornell Lab of Ornithologyhttps://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Common_Loon/overview
    Supports: Loons are powerful divers, winter habitat, and basic ecology of the common loon.
  2. National Loon Centerhttps://www.nationallooncenter.org/about-loons/
    Supports: Habitat, migration, diet, and broad natural-history facts about loons.
  3. Britannica Kidshttps://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/loon/353397
    Supports: General description, range, calls, diet, and lifespan-related overview.
  4. Live Sciencehttps://www.livescience.com/55577-common-loon.html
    Supports: Common loon calls, habitat, diet, and conservation status of the common loon.
  5. Loon Preservation Committeehttps://loon.org/about-the-common-loon/
    Supports: Common loon breeding habitat, migration, diet, and conservation threats.