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July 30, 2026Short & citedBlog
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Field Notes • Bird

Vulture

A vulture is a scavenging bird of prey that feeds mainly on carrion.

Updated July 30, 20261 min readCited sources

A vulture is a scavenging bird of prey that feeds mainly on carrion. There are 23 living species split into two groups—Old World vultures and New World vultures—that evolved similar traits independently.

What it is

Vultures are large birds with broad wings for soaring, bare heads and necks, and hooked bills for tearing flesh. They are divided into Old World vultures (family Accipitridae, found in Europe, Africa, and Asia) and New World vultures (family Cathartidae, found in the Americas). The two groups are not closely related, making them a classic example of convergent evolution.

Why it matters

Vultures are obligate scavengers that feed on carrion, helping to remove dead animals from the environment. This limits the spread of disease and keeps ecosystems cleaner. In Canada, turkey vultures range into southern parts of the country, making them relevant for wildlife observation and conservation.

Key details

Vultures occur across tropical and temperate regions worldwide, but are absent from Antarctica and Australia. They have 23 extant species, including condors. Their scavenging role is ecologically vital, and their independent evolution in two lineages is a well-known example of convergent evolution.

In short

  • Vultures are scavenging birds that eat carrion, helping prevent disease spread.
  • They split into Old World and New World groups, which evolved similar traits separately.
  • There are 23 living species, found across Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
  • Turkey vultures reach southern Canada, linking them to Canadian wildlife.
Canadian angle

Turkey vultures range north into southern Canada, making vultures relevant to Canadian readers through wildlife observation and conservation.

Quick questions

What is a vulture?
A vulture is a bird of prey that mainly feeds on carrion, or dead animals.
How many species of vultures are there?
There are 23 extant species of vultures, including condors.
Are all vultures closely related?
No. Old World and New World vultures are not closely related and evolved similar traits independently.

Sources

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulture
    Supports: General definition of vultures, total species count, and Old World/New World division.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/vulture
    Supports: Classification, family-level grouping, species counts, and general characteristics.
  3. Current Biologyhttps://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)00134-2
    Supports: Vultures as obligate scavengers, global distribution, and division into Old World and New World groups.
  4. EBSCOhttps://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/zoology/vultures
    Supports: Ecological role, habitats, bare heads and necks, and genetic relationship between the two groups.
  5. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/facts/vultures
    Supports: Species count, distribution, size, life span, and scavenging role.
  6. Wikiwandhttps://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Cathartiformes
    Supports: Discussion of New World vultures, obligate scavenging, and body adaptations.
  7. BirdLife Internationalhttps://www.birdlife.org/birds/vulture/
    Supports: Family assignments, species counts, and general wingspan and weight information.