Bryan McAllister’s personal reference notebook
July 30, 2026Short & citedBlog
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Field Notes • Mammals

Polar bear

The polar bear (*Ursus maritimus*) is a large bear native to the Arctic and nearby ice-covered waters.

Updated July 30, 20261 min readCited sources

The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is the largest living bear species, native to the Arctic. It depends on sea ice for hunting seals and moving across its range.

What it is

Polar bears are large white bears with black skin beneath their fur and thick blubber for insulation. Males are larger than females, and the species has large paws adapted for swimming and walking on ice. Their scientific name, Ursus maritimus, means 'sea bear'.

Where it lives and what it eats

Polar bears live across the circumpolar Arctic, including Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, and Alaska. They are carnivores that mainly eat seals, especially ringed seals, using sea ice as a hunting platform. They may travel long distances across drifting ice.

Why it matters

Polar bears are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to declining sea ice from climate change. In Canada, they are a major symbol of Arctic wildlife and important for Indigenous subsistence and conservation.

In short

  • Largest extant bear species and a marine mammal.
  • Specialized predator of seals, especially ringed seals.
  • Scientific name Ursus maritimus means 'sea bear'.
  • Vulnerable to sea ice loss from climate change.
Canadian angle

Polar bears are an important Arctic species in Canada, especially in northern territories and the Canadian Arctic, where they are a major symbol of wildlife and Indigenous subsistence and conservation issues.

Quick questions

What is the scientific name of the polar bear?
The scientific name is Ursus maritimus.
Where do polar bears live?
Polar bears live in the Arctic, mainly on sea ice and along adjacent coasts.
What do polar bears eat?
They mainly eat seals, especially ringed seals, but may also take other marine prey or carrion.

Sources

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/polar-bear
    Supports: Scientific name, family, general Arctic distribution, and basic species description
  2. World Wildlife Fundhttps://www.worldwildlife.org/species/polar-bear/
    Supports: Scientific name, habitat, population estimate, weight, and sea-ice dependence
  3. The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/polar-bear
    Supports: Canadian context, Arctic distribution, size, and species overview
  4. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Servicehttps://www.fws.gov/species/polar-bear-ursus-maritimus
    Supports: Common names and species identification
  5. Encyclopedia.comhttps://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/polar-bears
    Supports: Arctic range, ecological dependence on sea ice, and conservation threat from sea ice loss
  6. PBS Naturehttps://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/blog/polar-bear-fact-sheet/
    Supports: Scientific name meaning, alternate names, and vulnerability status