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July 30, 2026Short & citedBlog
Civic Viewpoint.
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Field Notes • Birds

Pigeon

Pigeons are birds in the family Columbidae, which also includes doves; the term usually refers to larger members of this group.

Updated July 30, 20261 min readCited sources

Pigeons are birds in the family Columbidae, which also includes doves. The rock pigeon is the best-known species and is common in Canadian cities.

What it is

Pigeons are members of the bird family Columbidae in the order Columbiformes. In common usage, “pigeon” often refers to larger species, while “dove” is used for smaller ones, though the distinction is not strict.

Key details

Columbidae contains more than 300 species found across the world in habitats ranging from forests and cliffs to urban areas. The rock pigeon (Columba livia) is the ancestor of many feral pigeons in cities and is listed as Least Concern.

Canada angle

Feral rock pigeons are familiar birds in many Canadian cities, often seen in parks and on buildings. They are a common part of the urban landscape and are not considered at risk.

In short

  • Pigeons belong to the family Columbidae, which also includes doves.
  • There are more than 300 species of pigeons and doves worldwide.
  • The rock pigeon is the ancestor of many feral city pigeons.
  • Pigeons are common in Canadian cities and are not endangered.
Canadian angle

Pigeons, especially feral rock pigeons, are common in many Canadian cities and are familiar urban birds to Canadian readers.

Quick questions

What is a pigeon?
A pigeon is a bird in the family Columbidae, a group that also includes doves.
Are pigeons and doves the same?
They are closely related and both belong to Columbidae; “pigeon” and “dove” are common names rather than strict scientific categories.
What is the scientific name of the common city pigeon?
The rock pigeon is Columba livia, and many city pigeons descend from this species.

Sources

  1. PBS Naturehttps://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/blog/pigeon-fact-sheet/
    Supports: Taxonomy of pigeons, diversity of Columbidae, and conservation status of the rock pigeon.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/pigeon
    Supports: Definition of pigeon as members of Columbidae and the common pigeon/dove naming distinction.
  3. Animal Fun Factshttps://www.animalfunfacts.net/pigeons/170-pigeon.html
    Supports: General habitat and species diversity notes for pigeons.
  4. World Animal Protectionhttps://www.worldanimalprotection.us/latest/blogs/pigeon-facts/
    Supports: Relationship between pigeons and doves and species count.
  5. OvoControlhttps://www.ovocontrol.com/pigeon-facts-figures
    Supports: Native range of the rock pigeon, dimensions, and worldwide spread of feral pigeons.
  6. Cornell Lab of Ornithologyhttps://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rock_Pigeon/overview
    Supports: Rock pigeon species identification and natural history.