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July 30, 2026Short & citedBlog
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Field Notes • Mammal

Muskrat

The muskrat (*Ondatra zibethicus*) is a semi-aquatic rodent native to North America.

Updated July 30, 20261 min readCited sources

The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is a semi-aquatic rodent native to North America. It lives in wetlands and is known for its dense brown fur and rat-like tail.

What it is

Muskrats are medium-sized rodents, not true rats, with thick brown fur, small ears, and a long, laterally flattened tail. They are often mistaken for beavers but are much smaller and have a distinctly different tail shape.

Where it lives

Muskrats are found across Canada in freshwater and brackish wetlands such as marshes, ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. They prefer areas with abundant aquatic vegetation and slow-moving or still water.

What it eats and how it behaves

Muskrats are mostly herbivores, feeding on aquatic plants like cattails, reeds, and pondweed. They may also eat insects, snails, crayfish, fish, and amphibians. They build lodges or bank dens and stay active through winter.

In short

  • Not a true rat — it's a large rodent in the Cricetidae family.
  • Semi-aquatic with webbed hind feet and a flattened tail.
  • Mainly eats aquatic plants but also small animals.
  • Native to Canada and common in wetlands across the country.
Canadian angle

Muskrats are native to Canada and are widely found in Canadian wetlands, where they are part of local ecosystems and are familiar to wildlife observers, trappers, and land managers.

Quick questions

What is a muskrat?
A muskrat is a semi-aquatic rodent native to North America, scientifically named Ondatra zibethicus.
Where do muskrats live?
Muskrats live in wetlands near slow or still water, including marshes, ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams.
What do muskrats eat?
They mainly eat aquatic plants such as cattails, reeds, and pondweed, but may also eat insects, snails, crayfish, fish, and amphibians.

Sources

  1. Live Sciencehttps://www.livescience.com/57668-muskrat-facts.html
    Supports: General size and rodent classification
  2. Havaharthttps://www.havahart.com/muskrat-facts
    Supports: Scientific name, range, habitat, diet, and disease note
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/muskrat
    Supports: Species description and broad distribution
  4. Alaska Department of Fish and Gamehttps://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=muskrat.printerfriendly
    Supports: Size, identification, and weight
  5. Nevada Department of Wildlifehttps://www.ndow.org/species/muskrat/
    Supports: Habitat, diet, behaviour, and reproduction
  6. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlifehttps://www.maine.gov/ifw/fish-wildlife/wildlife/species-information/mammals/muskrat.html
    Supports: Habitat, diet, and physical description
  7. U.S. National Park Servicehttps://www.nps.gov/mnrr/learn/nature/muskrat.htm
    Supports: Diet, habitat, and difference from beavers
  8. New York State Department of Environmental Conservationhttps://www.dec.ny.gov/nature/animals-fish-plants/muskrat
    Supports: Size, habitat, and diet