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July 30, 2026Short & citedBlog
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Field Notes • Insects

Mosquito

Mosquitoes are small flying insects in the family Culicidae, found in most parts of the world.

Updated July 30, 20261 min readCited sources

Mosquitoes are small flying insects in the family Culicidae, found in most parts of the world. Only female mosquitoes bite people and other animals for blood, and some species can transmit diseases such as malaria, dengue, West Nile virus, and yellow fever.

What it is

Mosquitoes are slender insects with one pair of wings and a long proboscis adapted for piercing and sucking. Their life cycle includes four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Over 3,700 species exist worldwide, and they are absent only from Antarctica.

Why it matters

A small fraction of mosquito species transmit human disease, but those species are major public-health vectors. Mosquito-borne illnesses include malaria, dengue, yellow fever, Zika fever, chikungunya, West Nile virus, and filariasis. In Canada, mosquitoes are common and can spread West Nile virus, affecting outdoor activity planning.

Key details

Only female mosquitoes bite to obtain blood for egg production; males feed on plant juices. Mosquitoes are closely associated with standing water, where many species lay eggs. They locate hosts using movement, body heat, carbon dioxide, and other chemical cues.

In short

  • Only female mosquitoes bite; males feed on plant juices.
  • Over 3,700 species worldwide; absent from Antarctica.
  • Can transmit diseases like West Nile virus, malaria, and dengue.
  • Life cycle includes egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages.
Canadian angle

Mosquitoes are common across Canada, where some species can bite people and some can transmit diseases such as West Nile virus, making them relevant to public health and outdoor activity planning. [1][7]

Quick questions

What is a mosquito?
A mosquito is a small flying insect in the family Culicidae, known for the biting behaviour of females and for including species that spread disease.
Do all mosquitoes bite?
No. Only female mosquitoes bite, because they need blood for egg production. Male mosquitoes feed on plant juices.
What diseases can mosquitoes spread?
Mosquitoes can spread malaria, dengue, yellow fever, Zika fever, chikungunya, West Nile virus, and filariasis, among others.

Sources

  1. CDChttps://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/index.html
    Supports: Mosquitoes are common flying insects; over 3,700 types worldwide; only females bite; mosquitoes can spread pathogens; adults live about 2 to 4 weeks.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/mosquito-insect
    Supports: Mosquitoes are family Culicidae; approximately 3,500 species; disease transmission; global distribution.
  3. American Mosquito Control Associationhttps://www.mosquito.org/fun-facts/
    Supports: Species count; host-seeking behaviour; flight speed; historical occurrence.
  4. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/mosquitoes
    Supports: Common name, classification, size, lifespan, and female biting behaviour.
  5. State of Utah education resourcehttps://www.sslvmad.utah.gov/education
    Supports: Only females bite; males feed on plant juices; mosquitoes need water to complete life cycle; widespread distribution.