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July 30, 2026Short & citedBlog
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Field Notes • Crustacean

Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans, most of which belong to the infraorder Brachyura, often called true crabs.

Updated July 30, 20261 min readCited sources

Crabs are decapod crustaceans, most of which belong to the infraorder Brachyura, known as true crabs. They typically have a broad shell, a short abdomen folded under the body, and a first pair of legs modified into claws or pincers.

What it is

Crabs are crustaceans in the order Decapoda, with five pairs of legs, the front pair modified into pincers. True crabs are classified in the infraorder Brachyura, while crab-like animals such as hermit crabs belong to other groups. They have a hard exoskeleton and a short abdomen tucked beneath the body.

Key details

Crabs live in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats, though most are marine. They are known for sideways walking and use their claws for feeding and defense. Sources estimate 7,000 to 10,000 described species, and many are omnivores or scavengers.

Why it matters

Crabs are ecologically important as scavengers, predators, and herbivores. In Canada, they are familiar through Atlantic and Pacific fisheries, seafood markets, and coastal ecosystems, especially along British Columbia and Atlantic Canada.

In short

  • Crabs are decapod crustaceans with five pairs of legs and pincers.
  • True crabs belong to the infraorder Brachyura; hermit crabs are not true crabs.
  • They live in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats, with 7,000–10,000 species.
  • In Canada, crabs are key to fisheries and coastal ecosystems.
Canadian angle

Crabs are familiar to Canadian readers through Atlantic and Pacific fisheries, seafood markets, and coastal ecosystems, especially along British Columbia and Atlantic Canada.

Quick questions

What is a crab in biological terms?
A crab is a decapod crustacean, usually a member of the infraorder Brachyura, known as the true crabs.
How many legs do crabs have?
Crabs have five pairs of legs, with the first pair modified into pincers in many species.
Are hermit crabs true crabs?
No. Hermit crabs are crab-like anomurans, not true crabs in the Brachyura.

Sources

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/crab
    Supports: Definition of crab as a decapod crustacean; habitat range; approximate species count; mention of true crabs and related groups.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/summary/crab
    Supports: Broad overview of crab anatomy, habitat, movement, diet, and examples.
  3. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyura
    Supports: Brachyura as the infraorder of true crabs; fossil record timing; approximate extant species count.
  4. Simple English Wikipediahttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab
    Supports: Basic anatomy, habitat diversity, and approximate number of known species.
  5. Oxford Learner's Dictionarieshttps://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/crab
    Supports: Basic description of crab body form, legs, pincers, and sideways movement.
  6. Britannica Kidshttps://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/crab/353009
    Supports: Species count, habitats, hard exoskeleton, leg count, and feeding habits.