Bryan McAllister’s personal reference notebook
July 30, 2026Short & citedBlog
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Field Notes • Bird

Cockatoo

Cockatoos are a family of crested parrots in the family Cacatuidae, native mainly to Australia and nearby islands in Australasia.

Updated July 30, 20261 min readCited sources

Cockatoos are a family of crested parrots in the family Cacatuidae, native mainly to Australia and nearby islands in Australasia. They are known for their prominent movable crests, strong curved bills, and often loud social behaviour.

What it is

Cockatoos belong to the parrot order Psittaciformes and the family Cacatuidae, separate from true parrots (Psittacidae). About 21 species are generally recognised, most found in Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, and the Philippines.

Key details

Cockatoos are medium to large parrots with powerful bills, strong feet, and a movable crest. Many species are predominantly white, but some are dark or black, often with yellow, red, or pink accents. They nest in tree hollows and are generally long-lived.

Behaviour and habitat

Cockatoos are noisy, social birds that may form large flocks. Their diet includes seeds, nuts, fruit, roots, and insect larvae. They live in forests, woodlands, mangroves, and open country across Australasia.

In short

  • Cockatoos are a family of parrots, not a single species.
  • They are recognised by their erectile crest and strong curved bill.
  • Most species are white or light-coloured, though some are black.
  • They are native to Australasia, especially Australia and New Guinea.
Canadian angle

Cockatoos are commonly kept in aviculture and pet trade settings in Canada, and Canadian zoo and wildlife-education institutions often feature them as examples of Australasian parrots.

Quick questions

What is a cockatoo?
A cockatoo is a parrot in the family Cacatuidae, recognised for its crest and strong curved bill.
How many cockatoo species are there?
About 21 species are generally recognised, though counts can vary slightly by source.
Where do cockatoos live?
They are native mainly to Australasia, including Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, and the Philippines.

Sources

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/cockatoo
    Supports: Family Cacatuidae, approximately 21 species, native range, diet, nesting, and general behaviour.
  2. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliancehttps://www.sandiegozoo.org/animals/cockatoo
    Supports: Order and family classification, habitats, and broad geographic distribution.
  3. BirdLife Australia / Nature Australiahttps://www.natureaustralia.org.au/what-we-do/our-priorities/wildlife/wildlife-stories/cockatoos-of-australia/
    Supports: Species richness in Australia and the Malay-origin explanation for the name.
  4. Merriam-Websterhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cockatoo
    Supports: Definition as a large chiefly Australasian crested parrot.